Q: Statements: Many scooters are trucks. All trucks are trains.
Conclusions:
I. Some scooters are trains.
II. No truck is a scooter.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
Solution: Since the first premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. Thus, only I follows.
Q: Statements: Some papers are pens. Some pencils are pens.
Conclusions:
I. Some pens are pencils.
II. Some pens are papers.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Both I and II follow
Solution: Since both premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows. However, I is the converse of second premise, while II is the converse of the first premise. So, both of them hold.
Q: Statements: Some men are educated. Educated persons prefer small families.
Conclusions:
I. All small families are educated.
II. Some men prefer small families.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
Solution: Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. Thus, only II follows.
Q: Statements: All educated people read newspapers. Rahul does not read newspaper.
Conclusions:
I. Rahul is not educated.
II. Reading newspaper is not essential to be educated.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
Solution: Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, only I follows.
Q: Statements: Bureaucrats marry only intelligent girls. Tanya is very intelligent.
Conclusions:
I. Tanya will marry a bureaucrat.
II. Tanya will not marry a bureaucrat.
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
Solution: The data does not mention whether all intelligent girls are married to bureaucrats. So, either I or II may follow.